{"id":8107,"date":"2026-10-21T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.netwayseurope.com\/?p=8107"},"modified":"2026-10-12T08:42:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T08:42:23","slug":"which-connections-do-you-make-quantum-safe-first","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.netwayseurope.com\/en\/knowledgebase\/which-connections-do-you-make-quantum-safe-first\/","title":{"rendered":"Which Connections Do You Make Quantum-Safe First?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Connections that transport sensitive or long-term valuable data deserve quantum-safe security first. Think of data center connections, government networks, healthcare infrastructure, and financial backbones. The reason is simple: attackers are already intercepting encrypted traffic to decrypt it later once quantum computers are powerful enough. This article addresses the most urgent questions surrounding quantum-safe connections, from risk assessment to phased migration and regulation.<\/p>\n<h2>Which connections are already at risk from quantum computing?<\/h2>\n<p>Connections that are already at risk are those where encrypted traffic is intercepted and stored for future decryption. This pattern is known as &#8220;harvest now, decrypt later.&#8221; Every connection that today uses RSA- or ECC-based encryption and transports data with a long confidentiality period is vulnerable. This applies to government networks, medical records, financial transactions, and critical infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p>The threat is not hypothetical. Nation-state actors and advanced cybercriminals have been collecting encrypted network traffic for years. They are waiting for the moment when quantum computers are powerful enough to crack the underlying mathematical problems on which classical <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netwayseurope.com\/en\/products\/security\/encryption-solutions\/\">network encryption<\/a> is based. For data that must remain confidential ten or twenty years from now, the deadline has effectively already passed.<\/p>\n<p>Connections with the highest risk profile include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>WAN connections between data centers carrying confidential business or patient data<\/li>\n<li>Fiber connections for government and defense communications<\/li>\n<li>Financial clearing and settlement networks<\/li>\n<li>Industrial control networks for critical infrastructure such as energy and water<\/li>\n<li>Connections that transport intellectual property or strategic information<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is the difference between layer 1, layer 2, and layer 3 encryption in quantum security?<\/h2>\n<p>The difference lies in where in the network model the encryption takes place and what data is protected by it. Layer 1 encryption encrypts the physical signal on fiber, layer 2 encryption operates at the Ethernet level, and layer 3 encryption protects IP packets. For quantum security, the lower the layer, the broader the coverage and the less overhead.<\/p>\n<h3>Layer 1 encryption: protection at the physical signal<\/h3>\n<p>Layer 1 encryption encrypts the optical signal directly on the fiber, before data is converted to higher protocols. This offers maximum protection because all data traveling over that connection is automatically encrypted, regardless of the protocol above it. There is virtually no latency and the security is transparent to all overlying systems. This makes layer 1 encryption particularly suitable for data center interconnects and critical backbone connections.<\/p>\n<h3>Layer 2 encryption: security at the Ethernet level<\/h3>\n<p>Layer 2 encryption operates at the level of Ethernet frames and offers granular control per connection or VLAN. It is more flexible than layer 1 and supports segmentation of traffic flows. Layer 2 solutions are well suited for metro networks, campus environments, and connections between branch offices. Performance is high and compatibility with existing infrastructure is broad.<\/p>\n<h3>Layer 3 encryption: security at the IP level<\/h3>\n<p>Layer 3 encryption, such as IPsec, operates at the IP packet level and is the most widely used form in traditional networks. It offers flexibility over the internet and is broadly supported. The disadvantage for quantum security is that most layer 3 solutions rely on RSA or elliptic curve cryptography, which are vulnerable to quantum attacks. Post-quantum cryptography at layer 3 is under development, but migration is more complex than at layer 1 or 2.<\/p>\n<br><div\n    class=\"seoaic-multistep-form seoaic-ms-has-bot-icon seoaic_leads_form_box_add_shadow_on\"\n    style=\"--seoaic-ms-border-radius: 40px; --seoaic-ms-box-border: 0px solid #100717; --seoaic-ms-bg: #fff; --seoaic-ms-bot-msg-bg: #17225A; --seoaic-ms-bot-msg-color: #ffffff; --seoaic-ms-bot-fontsize: 14px; --seoaic-ms-bot-msg-border: 0px solid #ffffff; --seoaic-ms-user-msg-bg: #FF4801; --seoaic-ms-user-msg-color: #ffffff; --seoaic-ms-user-fontsize: 14px; --seoaic-ms-user-msg-border: 0px solid #100717; --seoaic-ms-bot-icon-bg: #100717; --seoaic-ms-bot-icon-border: 0px solid #100717; --seoaic-ms-progress-height: 10px; --seoaic-ms-progress-color: #17225A; --seoaic-ms-chat-closed-bg: #17225A; --seoaic-ms-chat-closed-color: #fff; --seoaic-ms-bot-icon-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/www.netwayseurope.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Foto-John-1.jpg&#039;); --seoaic-ms-bot-icon-size: 100% 100%; --seoaic-ms-step-padding-left: 51px\" data-prefix=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_\">\n    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-chat-header\">\n        <div class=\"seoaic-ms-chat-header-icon-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"seoaic-ms-chat-header-icon\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"seoaic-ms-close-wrapper\">\n            <span class=\"seoaic-ms-close dashicons dashicons-no-alt\" title=\"Close form\"><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-closed-msg-wrapper seoaic-ms-open-click\" title=\"Open lead form\">\n                <div class=\"seoaic-ms-open seoaic-ms-open-click\" title=\"Open lead form\">\n            <span class=\"dashicons dashicons-testimonial\"><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-steps-wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"seoaic-ms-steps\">\n                            <div\n                    class=\"seoaic-ms-step \"\n                    id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#1\"\n                    data-type=\"single\"\n                    data-autostep=\"\"\n                >\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-bot-icon\"><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-question-wrapper\">\n                        <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-question\" data-origquestion=\"\ud83d\udc4b Hello! I see you want to learn more about quantum-safe connections. Many organizations in sectors such as healthcare, government, and financial services are wrestling with exactly the same question: where do you start? Which best describes your situation?\">\ud83d\udc4b Hello! I see you want to learn more about quantum-safe connections. Many organizations in sectors such as healthcare, government, and financial services are wrestling with exactly the same question: where do you start? Which best describes your situation?<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-content\">\n                                                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                                                    <button\n                                        data-step-id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#2\"\n                                        data-origtext=\"\ud83d\udd0d I am assessing the risks for our organization\"\n                                    >\ud83d\udd0d I am assessing the risks for our organization<\/button>\n                                                                        <button\n                                        data-step-id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#2\"\n                                        data-origtext=\"\u26a1 We need to take urgent action\"\n                                    >\u26a1 We need to take urgent action<\/button>\n                                                                        <button\n                                        data-step-id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#2\"\n                                        data-origtext=\"\ud83d\udccb We are working on compliance (NIS2\/DORA)\"\n                                    >\ud83d\udccb We are working on compliance (NIS2\/DORA)<\/button>\n                                                                <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-answers-wrapper\"><\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                <div\n                    class=\"seoaic-ms-step hide\"\n                    id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#2\"\n                    data-type=\"multi\"\n                    data-autostep=\"\"\n                >\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-bot-icon\"><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-question-wrapper\">\n                        <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-question\" data-origquestion=\"Good to know! Netways Europe has been helping organizations with complex network security for 20+ years \u2014 from layer 1 encryption on fiber to full migration planning. Which connections or environments are most relevant to you? (Multiple answers possible)\">Good to know! Netways Europe has been helping organizations with complex network security for 20+ years \u2014 from layer 1 encryption on fiber to full migration planning. Which connections or environments are most relevant to you? (Multiple answers possible)<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-content\">\n                                                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-multi-items-wrapper\">\n                                                                        <label\n                                            for=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#20\"\n                                            class=\"seoaic-ms-multi-item\"\n                                        >\n                                            <input\n                                                type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#20\"\n                                                value=\"\ud83c\udfe5 Healthcare or patient data networks\"\n                                            >\ud83c\udfe5 Healthcare or patient data networks                                        <\/label>\n                                                                                <label\n                                            for=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#21\"\n                                            class=\"seoaic-ms-multi-item\"\n                                        >\n                                            <input\n                                                type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#21\"\n                                                value=\"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f Government or defense communications\"\n                                            >\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f Government or defense communications                                        <\/label>\n                                                                                <label\n                                            for=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#22\"\n                                            class=\"seoaic-ms-multi-item\"\n                                        >\n                                            <input\n                                                type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#22\"\n                                                value=\"\ud83c\udfe6 Financial or clearing networks\"\n                                            >\ud83c\udfe6 Financial or clearing networks                                        <\/label>\n                                                                                <label\n                                            for=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#23\"\n                                            class=\"seoaic-ms-multi-item\"\n                                        >\n                                            <input\n                                                type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#23\"\n                                                value=\"\ud83c\udfe2 Data center interconnects (DCI)\"\n                                            >\ud83c\udfe2 Data center interconnects (DCI)                                        <\/label>\n                                                                                <label\n                                            for=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#24\"\n                                            class=\"seoaic-ms-multi-item\"\n                                        >\n                                            <input\n                                                type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#24\"\n                                                value=\"\u26a1 Critical infrastructure (energy, water, transport)\"\n                                            >\u26a1 Critical infrastructure (energy, water, transport)                                        <\/label>\n                                                                                <label\n                                            for=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#25\"\n                                            class=\"seoaic-ms-multi-item\"\n                                        >\n                                            <input\n                                                type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#25\"\n                                                value=\"\ud83c\udf93 Education or research institutions\"\n                                            >\ud83c\udf93 Education or research institutions                                        <\/label>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"seoaic-ms-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                                                    <button\n                                        data-step-id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#3\"\n                                        data-origtext=\"Next \u2192\"\n                                    >Next \u2192<\/button>\n                                                                <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-answers-wrapper\"><\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                <div\n                    class=\"seoaic-ms-step hide\"\n                    id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#3\"\n                    data-type=\"contact_fields\"\n                    data-autostep=\"\"\n                >\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-bot-icon\"><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-question-wrapper\">\n                        <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-question\" data-origquestion=\"Thank you! Based on what you have shared, one of our experts can help you with a concrete analysis of which connections in your infrastructure need to become quantum-safe first \u2014 including a clear action plan. Leave your details and we will get in touch.\">Thank you! Based on what you have shared, one of our experts can help you with a concrete analysis of which connections in your infrastructure need to become quantum-safe first \u2014 including a clear action plan. Leave your details and we will get in touch.<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-content\">\n                                                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-contact-fields-container\">\n                                <div class=\"seoaic-ms-contact-fields-wrapper\">\n                                                                            <div class=\"seoaic-ms-contact-field-content\">\n                                            <label for=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#3_0\">Name *<\/label>\n                                                                                                <div class=\"\">\n                                                        <input\n                                                            type=\"text\"\n                                                            id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#3_0\"\n                                                            data-label=\"Name *\"\n                                                            class=\"seoaic-ms-contact-field\"\n                                                            required\n                                                        >\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"seoaic-ms-contact-field-content\">\n                                            <label for=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#3_1\">Email address *<\/label>\n                                                                                                <div class=\"\">\n                                                        <input\n                                                            type=\"email\"\n                                                            id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#3_1\"\n                                                            data-label=\"Email address *\"\n                                                            class=\"seoaic-ms-contact-field\"\n                                                            required\n                                                        >\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"seoaic-ms-contact-field-content\">\n                                            <label for=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#3_2\">Phone number (optional)<\/label>\n                                                                                                <div class=\"\">\n                                                        <input\n                                                            type=\"tel\"\n                                                            id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#3_2\"\n                                                            data-label=\"Phone number (optional)\"\n                                                            class=\"seoaic-ms-contact-field\"\n                                                            required\n                                                        >\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                                                        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"seoaic-ms-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                                                    <button\n                                        data-step-id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#4\"\n                                        data-origtext=\"Submit request \u2192\"\n                                    >Submit request \u2192<\/button>\n                                                                <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-answers-wrapper\"><\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                <div\n                    class=\"seoaic-ms-step hide\"\n                    id=\"seoaic_ms_6adad4619b256_#4\"\n                    data-type=\"text\"\n                    data-autostep=\"\"\n                >\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-bot-icon\"><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-question-wrapper\">\n                        <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-question\" data-origquestion=\"\u2705 Thank you! Your request has been received. Our team will review your information and contact you to discuss your specific situation and the most urgent connections. We look forward to it!\">\u2705 Thank you! Your request has been received. Our team will review your information and contact you to discuss your specific situation and the most urgent connections. We look forward to it!<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"seoaic-ms-step-content\">\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"seoaic-multistep-progress-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"seoaic-multistep-progress-percent\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"seoaic-multistep-progress\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>How do you determine which connections deserve the highest priority?<\/h2>\n<p>Priority is determined based on three factors: the sensitivity of the data, the longevity of the confidentiality requirement, and the criticality of the connection to business processes. A connection that transports medical records or financial data with a confidentiality period of more than five years immediately has high priority. Connections that only carry routine operational traffic can be addressed later.<\/p>\n<p>A practical prioritization model works as follows:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Inventory all connections<\/strong> and categorize the data passing over them by type and sensitivity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Determine the confidentiality horizon<\/strong>: how long must the data remain secret? Anything beyond five years is urgent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Assess criticality<\/strong>: which connections are business-critical? The compromise or failure of which connection would have the greatest impact?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analyze current encryption<\/strong>: which connections use vulnerable algorithms such as RSA-2048 or ECDSA?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Combine the scores<\/strong> into a risk ranking and start at the top.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Our approach at Netways Europe is always consultative: we help you carry out this inventory and translate the outcomes into a concrete migration plan. That way you know exactly where to start and what the next step is.<\/p>\n<h2>Which sectors need to switch to quantum-safe connections first?<\/h2>\n<p>The sectors that need to switch first are those where data has a long confidentiality horizon, where failure or data theft causes direct societal harm, or where strict regulation applies. These are primarily government and defense, healthcare, financial services, and critical infrastructure such as energy, water, and transport.<\/p>\n<p>For the healthcare sector, patient data must remain confidential for decades. A hospital that does not implement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netwayseurope.com\/en\/solutions\/security\/protection-against-quantum-threats\/\">protection against quantum threats<\/a> today risks having intercepted traffic from now become readable within a few years. The same applies to educational and research institutions protecting intellectual property for the long term.<\/p>\n<p>Data centers and cloud providers also rank high on the priority list. They transport enormous amounts of data from a wide range of customers, meaning a vulnerability in their backbone connections can cause damage on a much larger scale. The maritime and transport sectors follow closely, especially where operational technology is connected to public networks.<\/p>\n<h2>How does a phased migration to quantum-safe networks work?<\/h2>\n<p>A phased migration to quantum-safe networks proceeds in three main phases: inventory and risk analysis, replacement of the most urgent connections, and gradual rollout to the rest of the infrastructure. The key is not to try to replace everything at once, but to start where the risk is greatest and systematically expand from there.<\/p>\n<h3>Phase 1: insight and preparation<\/h3>\n<p>Start with a complete inventory of your cryptographic assets. Which algorithms do you use, on which connections, and what data passes over them? This gives you a cryptographic map of your network. Combine this with the prioritization method from the previous section to draw up an ordered migration list. Also involve your vendors in this phase: not all hardware supports post-quantum algorithms via a firmware update.<\/p>\n<h3>Phase 2: migration of high-priority connections<\/h3>\n<p>Start with the connections that carry the highest risk. Implement quantum-safe encryption at layer 1 or layer 2 for data center interconnects and backbone connections. Prefer crypto-agile solutions: systems that support multiple encryption algorithms and can be easily updated as standards evolve. This prevents you from having to start over in five years.<\/p>\n<h3>Phase 3: broad rollout and assurance<\/h3>\n<p>Roll out quantum-safe connections step by step to less critical segments. Ensure that new connections and hardware you procure are quantum-safe by default. Establish a review cycle to periodically assess the cryptographic standards in your network against the latest insights from standardization organizations such as NIST. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netwayseurope.com\/en\/solutions\/security\/\">Security<\/a> is not a one-time project but an ongoing process.<\/p>\n<h2>When is quantum-safe encryption mandatory under NIS2 and other regulations?<\/h2>\n<p>NIS2 requires organizations in essential and important sectors to take appropriate technical measures to manage risks to the security of network and information systems. Although NIS2 does not mention quantum-safe encryption by name, protecting against foreseeable threats such as quantum computing falls explicitly under this duty of care. By 2026, regulators expect organizations to demonstrably be working on quantum risk management.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to NIS2, other frameworks play a role. The European cybersecurity strategy and ENISA guidelines are increasingly steering toward post-quantum cryptography as the standard. For the financial sector, additional requirements apply under DORA, which sets comparable technical security obligations. Government and defense organizations are subject to national and NATO guidelines that already prescribe quantum-safe communications more concretely.<\/p>\n<p>The practical consequence is that you must already be able to demonstrate that you have conducted a risk analysis and drawn up a migration plan. Waiting until encryption is formally mandated is too late. Regulators look at audits and incidents for the demonstrable diligence with which your organization has identified and addressed risks. A documented approach to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netwayseurope.com\/en\/solutions\/security\/bescherm-gevoelige-gegevens\/\">protecting sensitive data<\/a> is therefore not only technically prudent, but also legally necessary.<\/p>\n<p>Want to know where your network stands today and which connections need to become quantum-safe first? Our experts will help you with a concrete analysis and a clear action plan, tailored to your sector and infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;padding:0\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:block !important;background:#17225a !important;border-radius:10px !important;padding:32px 40px !important;font-family:Inter, sans-serif !important\">\n<p style=\"display:block !important;font-family:Poppins, sans-serif !important;font-size:19px !important;font-weight:700 !important;color:#ffffff !important;line-height:1.35 !important;margin:0 0 8px 0 !important;padding:0 !important\">Ready for the next step?<\/p>\n<p style=\"display:block !important;font-family:Inter, sans-serif !important;font-size:15px !important;font-weight:400 !important;color:#dbe6f3 !important;line-height:1.6 !important;margin:0 0 24px 0 !important;padding:0 !important\">Explore our solutions or get in touch directly with one of our experts.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex !important;align-items:center !important;gap:12px !important;flex-wrap:wrap !important\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netwayseurope.com\/en\/solutions\/\" style=\"display:inline-flex !important;align-items:center !important;background:#ff4801 !important;color:#ffffff !important;font-family:Inter, sans-serif !important;font-size:15px !important;font-weight:600 !important;padding:13px 30px !important;border-radius:25px !important;cursor:pointer !important;text-decoration:none !important;line-height:1 !important\">Read more \u2192<\/a><br \/>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netwayseurope.com\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-flex !important;align-items:center !important;background:transparent !important;color:#ffffff !important;border:2px solid #ffffff !important;font-family:Inter, sans-serif !important;font-size:15px !important;font-weight:500 !important;padding:11px 28px !important;border-radius:25px !important;cursor:pointer !important;text-decoration:none !important;line-height:1 !important\">Contact us<\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0;padding:0\">&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which connections do you make quantum-safe first? Learn how to prioritize and migrate strategically.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6806,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faq","category-knowledge-base"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Which Connections Do You Make Quantum-Safe First? | Netways<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quantum-safe connections start with the right priorities. Discover which networks are most at risk and how to migrate in phases. 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